Musical Instruments Essay

1. Do you trust it is as yet conceivable that new instruments could be designed and broadly dispersed? Experimentally, however the assorted variety of instruments has arrived at a very significant level, human has never halted their investigation into music. In this way, I think it’s profoundly conceivable that few new instruments can be created and broadly circulated. The melodic history has just demonstrated this. Prior to nineteenth century, most of instruments are acoustic, and a great many people around then held the feeling that we as of now have enough instruments. Be that as it may, go with the improvement of power and last PC innovation, electronic music has developed quickly. Instruments are no longer reinforced inside the acoustic. Perhaps later on, we can even utilize the photon to make some music. 2. Do you believe that current symphonic instruments will be definitely adjusted later on? I figure some fine turning may happen on existing symphonic instruments however radically change may not occur. With hundred years of advancement and flawlessness, symphony has just shaped its own framework and procedure. Its prerequisite to instruments is nearly fixed. Effectively some fine turning might be applied so as to accomplish better acoustic impact, however the external shape and basic segment of these instruments won’t be changed since they have as of now be an image of symphony. 3. Will the PC and other electronic instruments in the end supplant acoustical instruments? Which do you like? Certainly not. Decent variety is a fundamental piece of music, if all the music is created by electronic gadgets, it very well may be very exhausting and individuals will endure tasteful weariness. By and by, I lean toward acoustical instruments, why, simply close to home taste. 4. It would be ideal if you open YouTube and tune in to structure Desintegrations for 17 instruments and PC tape (1983) made by French author Tristan Murail (1947-). Would you be able to isolate sound materials made by the acoustic instruments from the tape material? It is safe to say that they are frequently intertwined? Is it true that they are made to take after one another? For those parts wherein just one instrument happened I can make sense of the sort, while for those with more than two, I can not. Indeed, they frequently intertwined, particularly in current music. Indeed, they do take after to one another in any case the music won’t accomplish consonant audio cue.

How to Stay Motivated in the Final Weeks of School

Instructions to Stay Motivated in the Final Weeks of School In the event that school were simple, more individuals would join in and graduating. And keeping in mind that school can be trying, there are certainly times when things are more troublesome than expected. The finish of the semester, for instance and particularly the finish of the spring semester-can in some cases feel more enthusiastically to get past than the remainder of the year consolidated. Youre low on vitality, time, and assets, and its more testing than expected to revive yourself. So exactly how might you remain propelled toward the finish of the semester? Have a go at Changing Your Routine To what extent has it been since you stirred up your calendar? As in...really blended it up? You may be in somewhat of a funk in light of the fact that youre simply making a cursory effort: hit the sack late, wake up tired, go to class, delay. In the event that you have to wake yourself up, take a stab at revamping your daily practice, if even only for a day or two. Hit the sack early. Get enough rest. Have a sound breakfast. Have a sound lunch. Get your work done toward the beginning of the day so you can hang out, without blame, throughout the evening and night. Go off grounds to contemplate. Blend things up with the goal that your cerebrum can draw in and revive in another specific circumstance. Include Some Exercise When youre low on vitality, adding activity to your standard sounds emphatically repulsive. Setting aside a few minutes for physical movement, in any case, can help ease your pressure, increment your vitality, and clear things up intellectually. Go for a pleasant since quite a while ago run outside, in the event that you can, or join an activity class that youve never been to. Play an impromptu game with companions or simply daydream on the paddling machine. Regardless of what you do, guarantee yourself youll do it for in any event 30 minutes. Chance are youll be stunned at how much better you feel. Plan for Some Downtime Regardless of whether you know youll be spending time with individuals consistently, it very well may be difficult to truly allow yourself to unwind if youre stressed over everything else you need to do. Thusly, make an official night out, supper out, espresso date, or something comparative with companions. Put it on your schedule. And afterward let yourself truly unwind and revive while youre out. Get off Campus and Forget Youre a Student for a Little Time All that you do most likely rotate around your school life-which, while justifiable, can likewise be wearisome. Desert your rucksack and head to a gallery, a melodic exhibition, or even a network occasion. Disregard that youre an understudy and simply let yourself appreciate the occasion. Your school duties will sit tight for you. Help Yourself to remember Your Long-term Goals Examining can be debilitating when you think about all you need to peruse and learn and retain and compose inside the most recent couple of long stretches of the term. Be that as it may, contemplating your drawn out objectives both expertly and by and by can be staggeringly persuading. Imagine or even record what you need your life to resemble in 5, 10, and even 20 years. And afterward utilize those objectives to assist you with driving through your daily agenda. Make Attainable Short-term Goals While taking a gander at your drawn out objectives can be inspiring, concentrating on your momentary objectives can likewise be unimaginably useful. Make straightforward, present moment (if not absolute quick) objectives that you can reach with some additional exertion. What is the one major thing youd like to complete before the day's over today? Before the day's over tomorrow? Before the week's over? You dont need to list everything; simply show a couple of substantial things that you can focus on and sensibly hope to achieve. Go through an early evening time envisioning a mind-blowing subtleties after school. Concentrate on whatever number subtleties as would be prudent. Where will you live? What will your home or loft resemble? By what means will it be designed? What sorts of things will you have holding tight the dividers? What sort of dishes will you have? What sorts of individuals will you have over? What will your work life resemble? What will you wear? What will you have for lunch? By what means will you drive? What sorts of circumstances will cause you snicker and to feel happy? Who will be a piece of your group of friends? What will you do to have a fabulous time and unwind? Spend a decent hour or two envisioning the subtleties of what your life will resemble. And afterward pull together and revive yourself so you can complete your semester and gain ground toward making that life. Accomplish something innovative. Once in a while, the requests of school mean you wind up spending your whole day doing things you need to do. When was the last time you accomplished something you need to do? Designate an hour or two to accomplish something imaginative not for an evaluation, not for a task, but since you essentially need to let your mind accomplish something different. Explore new territory and senseless. Is it accurate to say that you are sick of having the entirety of the things on your plan for the day be not kidding and gainful? Include something that includes some curtness and classic, irrationality. Take a cooking class, go fly a kite, read a trashy magazine, finger paint, get in a water weapon battle with companions, or go through certain sprinklers. It doesnt matter what you do as long as you let yourself be silly and appreciate it for what it is: crazy. Locate another spot to consider. Regardless of whether youre lacking inspiration, you despite everything have certain activities like considering. On the off chance that you cannot change your daily agenda, change where you complete things. Locate another spot to concentrate nearby with the goal that you in any event feel like youre blending things up as opposed to rehashing a similar everyday practice again and again and over once more. Set up a prize framework for yourself. It doesnt must be extravagant or costly to be persuading. Pick two things on your daily agenda and set a simple prize, similar to that confection in the candy machine youre continually staring off into space about. At the point when you finish those two assignments, treat yourself! So also, include other momentary prizes, similar to a bite, decent mug of espresso, power rest, or other little fortune. Drop something from your plan for the day and dont feel awful about it. Do you have a ton to do? Is it true that you are worn out? Do you just not have the vitality to get everything finished? At that point as opposed to concentrating on the best way to inspire yourself to do the outlandish, really investigate your plan for the day. Pick a couple of things that are worrying you and drop them without feeling regretful. On the off chance that things are distressing and your assets are low, at that point its opportunity to organize. What appeared to be significant a month back may no longer make the cut, so check off what you can and center around what you truly need to concentrate on. You might conceivably astonish yourself with how your vitality levels recharge and your feelings of anxiety decline.

Legislation and Regulatory Bodies Essay Example for Free

Enactment and Regulatory Bodies Essay Youngsters Act 1989 This demonstration recognized that youngsters have rights and that their needs are central. Youngsters Act 2004 This demonstration was composed because of the demise of a youngster because of disregard. The demonstration communicated that each kid matters and distinguished results for all kids to be sound, remain safe, appreciate and accomplish, make a positive commitment and accomplish financial prosperity. Albeit each youngster matters there is not, at this point an official program there are no designs to nullify the authoritative structure behind the results. Childcare Act 2006. This is critical to locally established kid care and has introduced various changes. These are: †¢ The Early Year’s Foundation Stage †¢ Ofsted registers †¢ Children focuses and expanded schools. †¢ Duty of nearby consideration specialists to guarantee satisfactory childcare and data †¢ Free early years 3 multi year old financing. Balance act 2010 This united every single before act concerning equivalent chances. This ensures various gatherings of individuals are dealt with decently .This incorporates men ladies, individuals of various races, debilitated individuals, individuals with various religions or no religions, individuals of various ages, Lesbian gay and indiscriminate straight individuals and individuals who have changed their sex. It likewise guarantees that kid minder’s foresee the requirements of the families in their consideration and cause reasonable acclimations to guarantee impaired youngsters and their families to can get to their administration. The Data Protection Act 1998 diagrams the guidelines which ensure the individual information of an individual and forestalls data being passed on without their assent. On account of kids, their folks must give assent. Riddor 1995 This indicates certain mishaps and wounds must be accounted for by law. The fundamental reason for the guidelines is to assembled reports to the wellbeing and security official and to neighborhood specialists. Locally established youngster minders have an obligation to report passings, significant ailment, reportable sicknesses And risky episodes Administrative Bodies All kid minders must be enrolled with Ofsted. Ofsted are the administrative body for kid care training. They enroll and assess all youngster care suppliers. Locally situated childcare (incorporates) †¢ Child minders †¢ Home based carers †¢ Nannies †¢ Childcare on local premises. Ofsted will do keep an eye on kid minders and any individual beyond 16 years old years who live on the premises. They additionally complete keeps an eye on youngster minder’s and their administration, examine following any protest or concern and implement activity against kid minders that don't meet the degree of required principles of enlistment and move could be made. Youngster minders thinking about kids from birth to 31st August after their fifth birthday celebration will be put on the Early Years Register which implies they will be reviewed against the government assistance prerequisites of the EYFS; they are investigated inside the initial seven months and have examinations at regular intervals. Youngster minders who care for kids from first September following their fifth birthday celebration up to the age of 8 will be put on the mandatory piece of the Ofsted childcare register. This implies the youngster minders will be arbitrarily picked for review, Ofsted will assess the kid minder in the event that they get a protest, they will be given next to zero notification of these examinations and they will be investigated against the conditions for the childcare register. The early year’s establishment stage EYFS sets the principles every single early year suppliers must meet to ensure that kids learn and grow well and are protected solid and. It urges instructing and figuring out how to guarantee children’s school preparation. This gives kids the expansive scope of information and aptitudes that gives the correct establishment to a decent future advancement through their school life

Classroom Management For Early Childhood Education

Abstract The topic explored by this study is classroom management for early childhood education. In general, the literature seems to indicate that effectiveness of classroom management. The information presents skills necessary for teachers to use to become successful in the classroom. Some research calls for a series of steps for one to take teachers to become successful in the classroom. Each task varies from teacher to teacher, but overall to have complete success with classroom management one must practice, practice, and practice to become consistent with the skills and to prepare to be successful. The existing literature shows that classroom management is a complicated concept that has transformed over time. Various factors must be controlled to enhance the effectiveness of classroom management. The role of classroom management should never be underestimated as it determines the nature of citizenry a country anticipates to have. Apart from examining the models for classroom management, the article explores factors affecting classroom management and proposes some reliable classroom management strategies in early childhood education. Introduction Classroom management within early childhood field is essential for analysis. This topic is relevant because early childhood management has great implications on the country’s citizenry. Classroom setting has been used as basic platforms for developing the society. This topic was prompted by the fact that earlier studiesShow MoreRelatedCommunication: A Fundamental Part of the Early Childhood Teachers Role1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss communication as being a fundamental part of the early childhood teacher’s role. Educators will communicate with many people during the course of their day. Developing positive relationships through open communication is a strategy that will benefit teachers, parents and most importantly, their students. Teachers must establish limits and expectations for students, not only in the classroom, but within individual lessons. Behaviour management is an essential skill that will be utilised regularlyRead MoreTeaching Research Papers1624 Word s   |  7 Pages The two research studies that I have found on teaching practices that support high-quality programming for children and families include an article on teacher-child interactions and a book called â€Å"Foundations and Best Practices in Early Childhood Education†. Each one of these research studies show different information on numerous ways teaching practices do support high-quality learning for the children and ways to support the families. The article covering child and teacher interactions was designedRead MoreThe Between Regulations And Quality1271 Words   |  6 Pagesquality care that were hard to measure (Whitebook, Sakai, Howes, 2004). NAEYC accredited programs were more stringent in regulations and higher in quality than regular state licensing (Apple). Early childhood programs that meet NAEYC quality standards have an obligation to provide high quality classrooms, better adult child ratios, employ staff with superior educational qualifications, implement developmentally appropriate curriculum, and commit to ongoing self assessment and reaccreditation throughRead MoreFinding The Teachers Perception About The Giftedness Early Childhood1045 Words   |  5 PagesIII. Methods 7 My goal is to discover the teachers’ perception about the giftedness in early childhood. I will conduct a qualitative study to comprehend how preservice early childhood education teachers identify giftedness in early years and how they construct their perceptions during their student teaching experience. Applying qualitative research will enable me to grasp array of perspectives and multiple interpretations of the individuals regarding the issue I am investigating (Glesne, 1999)Read MoreRationale Behind Teaching Education For Sustainability1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rationale behind teaching Education for Sustainability (EfS) in early childhood education, through investigating the relevant issues and concept of sustainability in relation to the pedagogies and principles of early years education. The initial part of this report will focus on three issues of sustainability, all falling under the greater sustainability concept of waste management. The report will then go on to articulate the role and importance of EfS in early years principles and pedagogiesRead MoreWhen Fewer is More, the Use of Small Group Instruction in the Classroom1128 Words   |  5 PagesWasik (2008) addresses the issues of small groups in early childhood education classrooms. Small group instruction seems to be the most underused method of teaching in the early childhood education classroom. There are some interesting facts about this method of teaching the young child. Wasik (2008) says that there are seven different issues on small groups. Small groups received much more individualized attention from the teacher. The chance of the teacher being able to evaluate and involvedRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesperform his duty with the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence, skill, and with utmost devotion and dedication to ensure the quality of education. It is also the noblest profession. A teacher carries numerous responsibilities. Her task is not just simply delivering the lesson inside the four corners of the classroom but rather serves as the second parent of the students and therefore loves and cares for her students like her real children. As an educator, I strongly believeRead MoreCritical Reflection1285 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch in this area. Task: Students are to critically reflect on the professional responsibilities of managers and leaders in early childhood education and care. In this task, students are to identify and critically reflect on one current professional issue, linked to either 1) early childhood management, 2) early childhood leadership, or 3) advocacy in early childhood. The reflection needs to take into consideration current literature, topics raised in class, or gained from student s placementRead MoreDescribe The Child Care Center1227 Words   |  5 Pageschildren grace the walls and the smells of the kitchen indicate the chef is at work preparing the meals of the day. All classrooms are open door and to all who wish to visit, with permission of course. All teachers, supporting staff, and leadership personnel not only all have child care experience, but are required to have, at the lowest, an associate’s degree in Early Childhood as well. Mission Statement: To give security, comfort, and an overall positive educational experience that enriches self-discoveryRead MoreThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children885 Words   |  4 PagesAssociation for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Initial and Advanced Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs provides standards that set guidelines for what and how early childhood professionals prepare themselves to be efficient educators and caregivers. Professional development tools and strategies are critical assets for providing high quality early childhood education and care that meets the needs and interest of all learners. Today’s early childhood settings are filled

Essay on Solving the Foreclosure Crisis - 998 Words

The American Dream promises us prosperity for all people. As children, we are told to own a home with a spouse, 2.5 kids, and a dog. This symbolizes social and economical status. However, with the recent economy down spirals, unemployment reports are almost being overshadowed by reports of foreclosures, while sweeping our so called â€Å"American Dreams† and ownership privileges right out of our front doors. It seems that in a crisis no one person wants to take the blame for the other. The government is blaming the lenders, the lenders are blaming the borrowers, and the borrowers are blaming both the government and the lenders. The truth of the matter is the blame is not encouraging a resolution. The solution to a crisis of this†¦show more content†¦So the number one duty on the list of a homeowner when he or she is experiencing hardship should be calling their lenders and negotiating or requesting a loan modification. These modifications typically were reserv ed for borrowers whose mortgages became delinquent because of job losses, divorce proceedings, or illness. Yet, today is a new era, modifications are being offered to individuals suffering in the result of rate mortgages increasing. Loan modifications will allow the homeowner to find a more affordable mortgage payment for his or her financial need, and will help them remain in their residency and instead of looking for a new loan, buyers will be able to modify the terms of an existing loan. If the homeowner does not feel that this financial hardship will last an extended amount of time he or she is able to request forbearance or a postponement of payments for a couple of months are available. Why this solution works? Well, because it benefits both the borrower, and the lender. The homeowner receives a small break in his or her finances, while the bank does not have to worry about the buyer defaulting on the entire mortgage and enduring foreclosure procedures. However, the lenders need to do their part. Until recently, loan modifications were the banks best kept secret. Homeowners were not aware of the criteria banks were using to evaluate loan modifications for approval. During this process, the lenders will negotiateShow MoreRelatedSolving the Foreclosure Crisis 1107 Words   |  5 PagesSolving the foreclosure crisis is not an easy quest. In order to solve the crisis, it will take everyone getting involved. The banks and other lenders need to be willing to work with people who have been in their homes and need to have their loans restructured or refinanced. There should not be any more QUICK FIXES. Too many of the lending institutions are trying to put a bandage on an open wound. Instead of working with the homeowners, they are willing to put the residents out of the homes and thinkRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis 972 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to solve the foreclosure crisis, first we must identify and examine the reasons why people are going into foreclosure. The unstable economy which has led to the loss of thousands of jobs is the most obvious reason that people are foreclosing their homes. Without a stable and sufficient source of income, it is virtually impossible to pay back mortgage lenders. The first step we should take to solve the foreclosure crises is to create more jobs so that people can pay their mortgages on timeRead MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesHome foreclosures have been a hot topic in recent months as the economy has been in a serious downfall with a very slow recovery process. There are many different philosophies and many people truly feel that we can recover from this. We can alter the foreclosure status by giving serious consideration to the economic times and the types of mortgages that are available. Buyers must become more educated on the additional costs when getting a mortgage such as taxes, insurance, etc. The governmentRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis 1156 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Foreclosure filings were reported on 336,173 U.S. properties in June, the fourth straight monthly total exceeding 300,000†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Brooklyn, NY – December 30, 2009 Foreclosures continue to rise drastically across the United States due to the recession, and have effected, and continue to affect thousands of families and individuals every day. One aspect we must take into consideration is that most people are not informed of what foreclosure means, or the process, even those who are homeowners.Read MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe current foreclosure crisis is affecting everyone in this nation. If people are not experiencing the crisis firsthand, they hear about it through family, friends, and their other social networks. Nonetheless, it is impossible to escape because the media is constantly showing coverage about it. People are becoming more aware and seeing how expansive the impact is through television, internet, print, and radio. Americans are quickly realizing the impact the foreclosure crisis is having on theRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis 979 Words    |  4 PagesOne way to solve the foreclosure crisis is to actually foreclose on every homeowner’s home loan, including the homeowners in bankruptcy, pre-foreclosure and post-foreclosure. The credit report of these homeowners should read as a recession in 2009 and it should not lower their credit scores. The banks should then match the previous interest rates to the interest rates of today and appraise each home and property at the value that it was assigned by its local tax assessor. By doing this it willRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis 1578 Words   |  7 Pagespotential loss breaks down as follows: Loss from sales price: $200,000.00 5% Commission: $10,000.00 3% closing cost credit: $6,000.00 Repair credits: $1,000.00 Foreclosure fees: $50,000.00 Total loss $267,000.00 Case number one: For those whose income has not had any major variations from the time they initiated their mortgage, but are finding themselves unable to continue their payments because of anRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe foreclosure crisis was one of the harbingers of the coming economic recession. This was the issue that shifted the focus of the 2008 presidential election from the Iraq War to the economy. As one can imagine, many individuals and families are currently hurting as a result of this foreclosure crisis. High unemployment rates and lack of job creation leave very few options for already struggling homeowners. Because the housing industry composes such a large part of the American economy and affectsRead MoreEssay on Solving the Foreclosure Crisis 969 Words   |  4 PagesThe current foreclosure crisis that our nation is experiencing has become a great hardship on many people in America. People that have lost their jobs due to cut backs, people with families for whom they need to provide shelter, people who are otherwise very responsible but have been put in a position from which they cannot escape, these are the people that are suffering. Normally if one could not afford to make payments on their mortgage, there would be ways for them to refinance their mortgageRead MoreThe Solving The Foreclosure Crisis933 Words   |  4 Pages The foreclosure crisis, which tragically happened several years ago, stole away the homes from countless Americans and left them high and dry. These Americans were not even neglecting to pay for their mortgage on purpose; the economy took a drastic downfall and took all of those unshielded Americans with it. Now, these Americans are left with many questions that are unanswered – until now. They still have the chance to improve their credit, test out their dream home, and thrive in the current reasonable

The Fat Girl A Short Story by Andre Dubis - 1175 Words

In the short story â€Å"The Fat Girl† by Andre Dubis, the main character Louise is followed from the time she is nine years old up until she has her own child. Her mother ruins her self-confidence at a young age saying to her â€Å"you must start watching what you eat† (Dubus 320) when she was only nine years old. Her father is just about the only character in the story who accepts Louise for herself. â€Å"She’s a growing girl† (Dubus 321) he would say to her mother when she would limit Louise on what she could eat. Louise has dealt with an endless conflict of how other people feels she should look and eat. Louise is being opposed by society. Louise’s mother is one of her biggest critics. When Louise was only nine years old her mother told her â€Å"in†¦show more content†¦Although they are not fat, they have their own insecurities within themselves. This could be one reason Louise feels so comfortable around them, because they also have something they are unhappy with. Joan and Marjorie do not seem too much concerned with what Louise has going on in her life. Though they were her best friends they did not know of her secret eating behind her mother’s back. Marjorie says in the story â€Å"You’re lucky you don’t smoke; it’s incredible what I go through to hide it from my parents† (Dubus 322). Though Louise does not smoke, she knows exactly what it is like hiding something from parents. They never ask about her weight, or life at home. They themselves do not understand why Louise is big because in public it looks as if she is on a diet. â€Å"She never eats,† Joan and Marjorie say of Louise (Dubus 322). After high school Louise did not hear much from her â€Å"best friends.† They were not really best friends, more of just people there with her throughout her high school journey. In college Louise choses to befriend another thin girl, Carrie. They become really close and even write one another when they leave for breaks during college. Even still in college, Louise hid candy and would eat it when she thought Carrie was asleep. One night Carrie said to Louise â€Å"One night last week I woke up and smelled chocolate. You were eating chocolate, in your bed. I wish you’d eat in front of me, Louise, whenever

Autumn by John Keats Essay Example For Students

Autumn by John Keats Essay Upon first glance, John Keatss To Autumn may seem like a deeply descriptive poem about changing of seasons. However, a closer look will reveal that through his apostrophe, he speaks of autumn as a person to convey his perception of change and death and rebirth. Stanza 1 has a regular pattern of 10 syllables on each line and the rhyme goes; A, B, A, B, C, D, E, D, C, C, E. The tone is relaxed and definitely has a positive effect by describing and fill all fruit with ripeness to the core Keats tends to describe everything fresh and ripe Keatss begins to describe the cycle of progression. Mention of the maturing sun of the assumed morning as maturing would be associated with the sun rising reflects through to the early stages of life. This continues to line 6 where to fill all fruit with ripeness to the core most nearly represents an individual after adolescent stages, ready to tackle the world, or, in a fruits sense, ready to be consumed. Until they think warm days will never cease deems the consummation of the unripe youth for summer has oer-brimmed their clammy cells line eleven. Keats personifies the maturing sun as a close bosomed friend of seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness In the second stanza there is a regular rhythm with ten syllables on each line with a couple of exceptions of 9s the rhyme goes as follows A, B, A,B, C, D, E, C, D, D, E. and again the tone is very relaxed and soft Keats introduces visual imagery combined with the personification of autumn. The season now takes on an identity as a human but more likely to be a woman autumnsitting careless on a granary floor/thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind The hands of lifes clock continue to move with the comparison of the harvests half reaped furrow with the downward spiral of aging. This is further apparent in line twenty-one or by a cider press with patient look contrasts the busy nature of the first stanza such as an older person is at peace and more sedate than in his younger years. It is now when thou watchest the last oozing hours by hours as death is approaching. The senses of hearing are tapped into the third and final stanza of To Autumn beginning with Where are the songs of spring? Ay, where are they?. The proposal of this question parallels the unfolding of death when one questions where his youth went, regretting wasted moments. However, Keats states, think not of them, thou hast thy music too line twenty four almost commanding to reflect, but not regret, as death is just as beautiful as life itself. Even as in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn line twenty seven, seconds later, full grown lambs loud bleat throughout hilly bourn line thirty one therefore offering that although death is the end, it only

What Is Culture Essays - Anthropology, Sociology Of Culture

What is Culture? With a diverse population existing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of different cultures, each one unique in its own respect. Culture, distinguishing one societal group from another, includes beliefs, behaviors, language, traditions, art, fashion styles, food, religion, politics, and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever changing processes of learning, creativity, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A cultures significance is so profound that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us (Henslin, 1993). Trying to define the complex term of culture with varying elements of distinguishable characteristics is a difficult task. Perhaps, a description of a culture would be easier to explain. For instance, an Iranian woman has just appeared in your office for services and it is immediately evident that her culture is very different than yours. First, her dark colored clothing covers her entire body from head to toe, including a black veil over her face. Secondly, as she speaks, a cultural difference is detected in both, her language and gestures. Her accent and the non-visible facial expressions create a barrier for comprehending the communication. Later, as the service for the woman progresses, her beliefs, values, and norms of her culture are dispelled. For example, in order for the woman to show her face to another male in public, she must first request permission from her husband to unveil. During further discussion, it becomes even more apparent, that this Iranian woman is subservien t and possesses a lower level of status than that of Iranian males. All of these characteristics are indicative of this womans culture. As conveyed in the above description, the characteristics represent the unique symbols of ones culture. Symbols, in representative form of communication, art, expressions, materials, and so on, allow a cultural group to develop complex thoughts and to exchange those thoughts with each other. Through the exchanging of symbols, ones cultural ideas, beliefs, and values, are passed on from one generation to the next. People are not born with culture; they have to learn it. Throughout the development of the entire life span, culture is learned from the society in which we live. Furthermore, in the diverse population of the United States, ethnic groups or societies will have to interact with other groups outside the realm of their individual self. In order to do so, it is necessary for the societies to exchange languages, ideas, or even, technology. In addition, the changing environments of the world population requires a need for cultural adaptation for basic survival. For example, a move from the United States, where basic resources are plentiful, to Russia, where the resources are scarce, would force an adaptation to the cultural differences in order to develop a new lifestyle. In conclusion, culture defines who we are, how we think, and how we behave. Some kinds of culture are include better means of making life securer than others. Cultural traits that offer some advantages, utility, or even pleasures are sought and accepted by societies. According to a prominent anthropologist, Culture is contagious. A culture is a means to an end: the security and continuity of life. (Britannica.com, p.12). References Henslin, J. (1993). Sociology: a down to earth approach. Needham Heights: Simon & Schuster, Inc. Introduction to culture. Britannica Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sept. 8, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/ed/article/6/0,5716,118246+12+109857,00.html

Definition and Examples of Function Words in English

Definition and Examples of Function Words in English In English grammar, a function word is a  word that expresses a grammatical or structural relationship with other words in a sentence. In contrast to a content word, a function word has little or no meaningful content. Nonetheless, as Ammon Shea points out, the fact that a word does not have a readily identifiable meaning does not mean that it serves no purpose. Function words are also known as: structure wordsgrammatical wordsgrammatical functorsgrammatical morphemesfunction morphemesform wordsempty words According to James Pennebaker, function words account for less than one-tenth of 1 percent of your vocabulary but  make up  almost 60 percent of the words you use. Content Words vs. Function Words Function words include determiners,  conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, modals, qualifiers, and question words. Content words are words with specific meanings, such as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and main verbs (those without helping verbs.) In the sentence, The sly brown fox jumped gracefully over the lazy dog and cat, the content words are: fox, dog,  and cat (nouns)sly, brown, and lazy (adjectives)gracefully (adverb)jumped (main verb) Function words include: the (determiner)over (preposition)and (conjunction) Even though the function words dont have concrete meanings, sentences would make a lot less sense without them. Determiners Determiners are words such as articles (the, a), possessive pronouns (their, your), quantifiers (much), demonstratives (that, those), and numbers. They function as adjectives to modify nouns and go in front of a noun to show the reader whether the noun is specific or general, such as in that  coat (specific) vs. a coat (general).   Articles: a, an, theDemonstratives:  that, this, those, thesePossessive pronouns: my, your, their, our, ours, whose, his, hers, its, which  Quantifiers: some, both, most, many, a few, a lot of, any, much, a little, enough, several, none, all Conjunctions Conjunctions connect parts of a sentence, such as items in a list, two separate sentences, or clauses and phrases to a sentence. In the previous sentence, the conjunctions are or and and. Conjunctions: and, but, for, yet, neither, or, so, when, although, however, as, because, before   Prepositions Prepositions begin prepositional phrases, which contain nouns and other modifiers. Prepositions function to give more information about nouns. In the phrase the river that flows through the woods. The prepositional phrase is through the woods, and the preposition is through. Prepositions: in, of, between, on, with, by, at, without, through, over, across, around, into, within Pronouns Pronouns are words that stand in for nouns. Their antecedent needs to be clear, or your reader will be confused. Take Its so difficult as an example. Without context, the reader has no idea what it refers to. In context, Oh my gosh, this grammar lesson, he said. Its so difficult, the reader easily knows that it refers to the lesson, which is its noun antecedent. Pronouns: she, they, he, it, him, her, you, me, anybody, somebody, someone, anyone Auxiliary Verbs Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. They pair with a main verb to change tense, such as when you want to express something in present continuous tense (I am walking), past perfect tense (I had walked), or future tense (I am going to walk there).   Auxiliary verbs: be, is, am, are, have, has, do, does, did, get, got, was, were Modals Modal verbs express condition or possibility. Its not certain that something is going to happen, but it might. For example, in If I could have gone with you, I would have, modal verbs include could and would. Modals: may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should Qualifiers Qualifiers function like adverbs and show the degree of an adjective or verb, but they have no real meaning themselves. In the sample sentence, I thought that somewhat new dish was pretty darn delicious, the qualifiers are somewhat and pretty. Qualifiers:  very, really, quite, somewhat, rather, too, pretty (much) Question Words Its easy to guess what function that question words have in English. Besides forming questions, they can also appear in statements, such as in I dont know how  in the world that happened, where the question word is how. Question words: how, where, what, when, why, who Sources Shea, Ammon Shea. Bad English. TarcherPerigee, 2014, New York.Pennebaker, James. The Secret Life of Pronouns. Bloomsbury Press, 2011, New York.

Counseling process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Counseling process - Essay Example e flow of the changing times and therapists are open-minded enough to unconditionally accept clients from all walks of life, with a wide variety of issues and problems. Two forms of postmodern approaches which share very similar points and strategies: the Solution Focused Brief Therapy and the Narrative Therapy. For both forms, therapy is expected to be brief (around 5 sessions). Its focus is on the positive qualities and events of the client’s life. The present situation of the client is what is dealt with to enable him to live a better life in the future. Clients choose the goals they wish to accomplish in therapy with little attention to the history, diagnosis or exploration of their problems. The therapists adopt a â€Å"not knowing† position and offer the â€Å"expert† position to the client, as it is believed he is actually the expert in his own life. Specifically, the Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) does not dwell in the discussion of the problem but on finding solutions for it. Usually, the solution comes from exploring the clients’ positive characteristics and shift in perspective from the negative to positive. Therapists highlight optimistic and achievable goals, as set by the clients. Therapists guide their clients that if what is currently being done to solve the problem is not working, then they try another strategy until they achieve their goals. Much of the success in therapy lies in the encouragement of the therapist to empower the client to see the good things happening in his life instead of nitpicking on the negative. Such positive influence is believed to create a transformation in the client’s worldviews. Narrative Therapy shares the same beliefs, the only difference being the focus on the clients’ life stories. Basically, clients tell their stories, and therapists focus on more positive parts and how these parts may contribute to the solution of their problems. The goal of therapy is changing the client’s

The structure of the suggested Central Bank for GCC Assignment

The structure of the suggested Central Bank for GCC - Assignment Example Additionally, the Gulf States generate wealth from their vast oil and gas resources that allows their economies to operate above unprecedented development. The empirical research in this study provides information that supports creation of a well-developed financial system. One of the issues captured in this report tends to answer the question on the better options that are required for economic growth within different regions. The GCC region supports bank-oriented financial system that is contrary to market-oriented financial systems supported by the United States and United Kingdom. According to Demirguc-Kunt and Ross (1999), the structure of financial system and overall level of development is crucial for establishment of suggested Central Bank for GCC. However, financial development majorly depends on legal and political institutions. Based on Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, the study explores implication of structure and conduct on overall performance of suggested GCC financial institution. According to theory of Industrial Organization, structure refers to the extent of concentration of market shares within the market while conduct refers to general behavior of firms measured by efficiency and profitability (Demirguc-Kunt and Ross, 1999). The banking sector is considered one of the major conduit for economic activities within GCC region. Growth of GCC countries is dependent on critical valuation of the structure, conduct as well as performance of banking industry. Monetary union presents an important cornerstone of an economic union based on chosen political power. The structure of the GCC central bank should be based on sound technical basis and at the same time considered a strategic goal (Strum and Siegfried, 2005). A realistic step towards such a goal involves formation of monetary union that ultimately realigns different political systems. In the European case, monetary union was

Woman in the Life of African Essay Example for Free

Woman in the Life of African Essay The life of nineteenth century African American women was marred by an unfortunate social practice called slavery. While such unjust living condition affected both men and women, the harmful impact was more on women. This is because in the context of slavery, it was the women who suffered worse and the ones who were subjected to more damaging treatment than men. Coupled with race-related burdens, it was slavery and all its harmful manifestations which forced women to perform roles inside their homes and within the society that definitely opposed their supposedly conventional roles in an ideal American community. Simply put, it is their being a woman that determined and played a more important role in their lives than being an African American. This is because it was their very gender which caused them to become slaves and to experience other sex-related injustices. Therefore, it is ironic that while being a woman was supposed to protect the African American women from slavery and to provide them with dignity, it was specifically their womanhood that made their lives miserable and painful — as explained and illustrated by Deborah Gray White in her book, â€Å"Ar’n’t I a Woman? : Female Slaves in the Plantation South. † In challenging the stereotypes concerning African-American women, the book creates a bigger and more in-depth representation of the real existence of women. That is, it was not only their race or their being African-American that made them as work and sex slaves, but it was more their being women that caused them to suffer. Through the exploration and analysis made by the author on the daily ways of life, jobs, as well as roles and relationships within the family and society of 19th century women, the book allows the readers to realize that being a woman has a great significance in the kind of life that they experienced. Female Slavery White, through the book, presents that it was being a woman that played a more relevant function in the life of 19th century African-American women. This is the premise explained and emphasized in the book as it effectively provides an analysis of the overdue existence of women slavery. In fact, the title itself is a clear reflection of the underlying meaning that the kind of living experienced by the female population in the Plantation South was rooted in the fact that they were female. The shortened statement â€Å"Arnt I a Woman? † actually signifies a kind of objection as to how and why women were subjected to slavery considering they are important members of a society which is supposed to take care of them, protect them, and assure them of their rights. With slavery however, it unfortunately turned out otherwise as it was their very sense of being a woman that was considered to be the reason why they were made into slaves. This is because their being a woman indicated their susceptibility to slavery and other forms of inhumane treatment, which thereby affected the manner in which they struggled and eventually survived. Most importantly, female slavery emerged because they were seen and regarded as one whose sexual and employment rights may be violated. This explanation is justified in the book when the author concludes that â€Å"Slave women were the only women in America who were sexually exploited with impunity, stripped and whipped with a lash, and worked like oxen† (White 162). Thus, they were made into slaves and were sexually abused not because they were African American, but because they were African American women. Not Protected While White’s book depicts a general representation of 19th century African American women in the light of their race and gender, personal experiences became the foundation of the concept that it was the reality of being a woman that created a stronger impact in their lives. This was due to the fact that female slaves, as illustrated by the characters of the sexually abused â€Å"Jezebel† and loyal slave â€Å"Mammy,† showed how their womanhood caused them to be utterly neglected and abused by the society, particularly by the men. As White stresses: â€Å" only slave women were so totally unprotected by men or by law women had their womanhood so totally denied† (162). Further, it was through the demeaning stereotyping of black women that the personalities in the book practically came alive. This is because they supposedly represented the apparent promiscuous persona and conduct of African-American women which, in turn, served as a justification for their slavery, discrimination, and sexual abuse in the hands of both black and white men and the community in general. The stereotyping or negative characterization of â€Å"Jezebel† and â€Å"Mammy† aggravated the already unguarded condition of being a woman. This is shown by how â€Å"Jezebel† supposedly manifested a natural sensuality and sexual drive that it became inevitable for slave owners to sexually abuse the â€Å"lustful† women slaves (White 36). Both characters affirmed that being a woman led one to be susceptible to slavery and sexual abuse. Such was the condition as their respective womanhood created a notion that black women were forced to domestic slavery and into becoming sex objects. Most of all, their being female did not protect them from any kind of violation because their gender or stature in the society made them as mere human properties particularly created for their masters’ desires such as sexual satisfaction and forced labor. Conclusion The blatant and unacceptable realities presented in the book â€Å"Arnt I a Woman† by Deborah Gray White only confirm the idea that it was the fact that they were female that brought much suffering and misfortunes into the lives of 19th century African American women. More than this however, â€Å"Arnt I a Woman† also presents an unlikely condition that being a woman during a period when slavery existed had its rewarding side. This is because despite the abuses, it was their optimistic sense of being a woman that enabled them to create strong personal relationships and female groups within the society. Work Cited White, Deborah Gray. Arnt I a Woman? : Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: W. W. Norton Company, Inc. , 1985.

Use of the Internet as a Tool for Piracy Essays -- Expository Essays R

Use of the Internet as a Tool for Piracy The internet is an ever increasingly powerful tool for finding everything from entertainment to reference to daily news. When first created, the internet was only a shadow of what it has become. Most people didn't even have a computer, let alone a connection to the internet. In the last decade, however, computers have become more and more affordable, and internet service providers have become far more widespread. According to the World Almanac and Book Of Facts 2001 "By early 2000, more than 300 million people around the world were using the Internet, and it is estimated that by 2005, 1 billion people may be connected" (World Almanac). As with any new, powerful technology, the internet has brought with its positive aspects, a number of new problems which will have to be dealt with in the next several years. One of the biggest controversies which has spawned from the popularity of the net is the piracy of music, software, and movies. In the past, piracy of music and movies was fairly small scale. The only way to make illegal copies of tapes was to dub them in a double tape deck. This process was slow enough that music companies and movie studios didn't really worry about it. With the advancement of technology, however, piracy has become as easy as burning a CD or downloading music from the internet. The ease with which people can get free copies of songs or movies, production companies have tried to crack down on piracy. Piracy is the copying of copyrighted material without permission from the author. Because technology is always changing, there are no fail safe methods of preventing piracy. Soon after a new preventative method comes out, someone finds a way around it, making pr... ...reate key generators that produce a valid code. Hard as designers might try, they will never be able to make a totally hacker proof program. Piracy has been a problem for many years, and every time a new method of prevention is created, a new loophole is discovered. Piracy may be illegal, but because of ambiguous laws and the relative anonymity of downloading from the web, authorities will be hard pressed to ever crack down on individual bootleggers. No matter how hard people try to end piracy, there will always be people who want free music and movies and software badly enough to make copies and exchange it illegally. Napster. Napster Incorporated. September 20, 2001 . Selvin, Joel. â€Å"Did Napster Help Boost Record Sales.† The San Francisco Chronicle August 5, 2001. â€Å"The Internet and Computers: Internet Basics.† World Almanac and Book of Facts. 2000 ed.

Jet Study Case Study Essay

1. What types of information systems and business functions are described in this case? Information systems: JetBlue’s reservation system used for tracking baggage and scheduling is an example of a Transaction Processing System (TPS) – a computerized system that performs and records the daily routing transactions necessary to conduct business. JetBlue’s system for managing planes and crews is an example of a Management Information System (MIS). The system served middle management with information obtained from its TPS that was essential in making the right decision when managing planes and crews. Business functions: JetBlue’s communication, reservation and computer systems were described in this case. They represent Sales and IT business functions. 2. What is JetBlue’s business model? JetBlue business model was saving money both from streamlined information systems and lean staffing, while offering top-notch customer service at budget prices. The airline featured new Airbus A320 planes with leather sears, each equipped with a personal TV screen, and averaging one way fares of only $99 per passenger. JetBlue was able to offer low fares by using information systems to automate key processes such as ticket sales by mostly selling them online and baggage handling, by introducing electronic tags to help track luggage. Both initiatives eliminated paper, increased efficiency and lowered costs. Initially, JetBlue flew only one type of aircraft: the Airbus 320. This approach enabled the airline to standardize flight operations and maintenance procedures. Both measures resulted in significant savings. How do its information systems support the business model? JetBlue used a single vendor, Microsoft, to design JetBlue’s extensive network of information systems. Using a single vendor provided a technology framework where JetBlue could keep a small staff and favor in-house development of systems over outsourcing or relying on consultants, allowing the company to keep its costs low. 3. What was the problem experienced by JetBlue in this case? JetBlue’s senior management made an incorrect decision to maintain its schedule during an ice storm. Nine airplanes were stranded on the tarmac for anywhere  between six and ten hours. JetBlue waited too long to solicit help for the stranded passengers because the airline figured the planes would take off eventually. Meanwhile, the weather conditions and the delays and cancellation of other flights caused customers to flood JetBlue’s reservation system, which could not handle that much traffic. At the same time, many of the airline’s pilots and flight crews were also stranded and unable to get to locations where they could replace crews that had just worked their maximum hours without rest, but did not actually go anywhere. What management, organization, and technology factors were responsible for the problem? Management factors: JetBlue did not have a Decision Support System that would support nonrou tine decision making and focus on unique and changing problems by using information from TPS, MIS and other external sources. Such a system would allow JetBlue’s management to make a better informed decision whether or not they should maintain their schedule during an ice storm or cancel all flights. Organizational factors: JetBlue lacked an Enterprise Resource Planning System that would help significantly to help locate missing baggage and quickly locate airline’s pilots and flight crews. Technology factors: JetBlue’s transaction processing system and lean staffing were responsible for the problem. Under normal circumstances, the lean staff was sufficient to handle all operations and the computer systems functioned well below their capacity. However, during a radical increase in activity, tasks such as rebooking passengers, handling baggage and locating crew members became impossible. 4. Based on what you’ve learned in this chapter, what kinds of systems and business functions were involved in JetBlue’s problem? It seems the company did not plan for something like that to ever happen. All systems and business functions focused on performing day-to-day activities. JetBlue did not have any enterprise applications that are designed to coordinate multiple functions and business processes. Enterprise systems integrate the key internal business processes of a firm into a single software system to improve coordination, efficiency, and decision making. It would allow their SkySolver and Sabre systems to communication more effectively and efficiently. During the crisis, some flight attendants were unable to get in touch with anyone who could tell them what do for three days. The system  would help locating the flight crews and off-duty crews and direct them to the correct destination. The transaction processing systems (TPS) used by JetBlue was not designed to handle a significant increase in activity. The principle purpose of TPS is to answer routing questions and to track the flow of transactions through the organization. Due to an increased number of phone calls, the system was not able to perform those functions. It also looks like JetBlue did not have a decision-support system (DSS) in place to support nonroutine decision making. Since DSS focuses on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, it could have helped the company deal with the crisis more efficiently and effectively. Since a well designed ESS system would expose the fragility of the infrastructure, it can be assumed that company’s executive support systems (ESS) was either non-existing or did not function as intended. There was also no Customer Relationship Management System. A well designed Customer Relationship Management System would allow JetBlue better communication with its customers. During the crisis when so many flights were cancelled, the process of rebooking and looking for baggage became unma nageable. 5. Evaluation JetBlue’s response to the crisis. What solutions did the airline come up with? Throughout the debacle, JetBlue’s CEO David G. Neelman was very visible and forthcoming with accountability and apologies. On the technology front, JetBlue deployed new software that would send recorded message to pilots and flight attendants to inquire about their availability. Once the call is returned, it would be entered into a system that stores the date for access and analysis. From a staffing point standpoint, the airline promised to create backups from the airline corporate office for the departments that were stretched too thin by the effects of the storm. JetBlue also created a customer bill of rights to enforce standards for customer treatment and airline behavior. The company changed its operational philosophy to make more accommodation for inclement weather. How were these solutions implemented? The new software was implemented by JetBlue. 100 employees from the Corporate Office were trained to serve as backups. Customer Bill of Rights enforced standards for customer treatment and airline behavior. JetBlue set the  maximum time for holding passengers on a delayed plane to five hours. JetBlue would be penalized when it failed to provide proper service and customers who were subjected to poor service would be rewarded. Do you think that JetBlue found the correct solutions and implemented the correctly? I think JetBlue’s took a step in the right direction. It implemented a new software that would search for available pilots faster and trained additional employees to serve as backups. What other solutions can you think of that JetBlue has not tried? I believe there are many solutions that would be beneficial to JetBlue. They are: * Creating an Enterprise Risk Management process in the organization. The process would allow JetBlue to identify possible shortcomings that might happen in the future and allow the company to be more prepared. * If JetBlue lacked expertise within the company to identified areas of concern, it could have brought outside consultants that would be able to pinpoint all of the company’s shortcomings. * The case did not talk about how JetBlue fixed its Open Skies reservations system, its website or its system for tracking lost luggage. All of the abovementioned systems failed during the crisis on February 14, 2007. Solutions such as a more powerful reservation system, an enhanced website that would allow more traffic and a computerized system for recording and tracking lost bags would be beneficial to the company. 6. How well is JetBlue prepared for the future? Are the problems described in this case likely to be repeated? Even though JetBlue made some changes to ensure that another crisis won’t happen, I am not convinced all necessary actions were performed by the company. JetBlue should be more proactive in ensuring that future problems won’t affect its operations – rather than being reactive and fixing problems that came to the surface. Which of JetBlue’s business processed are most vulnerable to breakdowns? The bigger problem for JetBlue is changing its culture and philosophy. It seems that JetBlue is still unwilling to invest significant amounts of money into modern and reliable technology and ensure they have proper staffing – that’s why I feel that IT area is most vulnerable to breakdown first. How much will a customer bill of rights help? The customer bill of rights was designed for the protection of the customer,  not the airline. It is there to ensure the airline is responsible for the unfair treatment of the customer. It will help bring some of the customers back, however, it won’t fix JetBlue’s problems to future breakdowns.

How Cloze Reading Can Be Used to Solidify Learning

Cloze reading is an instructional strategy where users are required to fill in the blanks within a passage with correct words from a word bank. Cloze reading is used to assess a students understanding of vocabulary. STAR Reading is an online assessment program that embraces cloze reading passages. Many teachers create cloze reading passages to assess student vocabulary understanding within a particular story or passage or a group of spelling words. Cloze reading passages are easily created and can be adjusted to specific content and/or grade level. Cloze Reading Passages Teachers can also have students create their own cloze reading passages as they read a story. This makes the learning more authentic. It also helps students find and make connections between key vocabulary within in the story and how their meaning enhances the story. Finally, students can exchange their cloze reading passages with other classmates. This naturally reinforces the critical components of the story including key vocabulary as students interact with each other and share what they created. This gives students ownership in the learning process. Cloze Reading as a Study Tool Cloze reading can also be used to help students study and prepare for a test. Students can be taught to create their own study guide using the cloze reading process. They can essentially build their own version of the test from their notes. As they put together the guide, it cements the content, makes the connections, and helps them remember it. Providing students with this skill will help them develop better study habits that can help them succeed throughout life. Most students struggle with test and quizzes because they do not know how to study. They simply read through their notes and call it studying. True studying is a much more rigorous and time-consuming process. Developing cloze reading passages that align to a test is one way to study more authentically. Five examples of cloze reading: 1. An elephant is a ____________________________ mammal with a trunk and large ears. A. microscopic B. enormous C. vigorous D. small 2. The radius of a circle is one-half the ___________________________________. A. circumference B. chord C. diameter D. arc 3. A dog chased a cat down the alley. Luckily, the cat was able to escape by climbing over a fence. The word alley refers to a ___________________________________? A. sidewalk running through a neighborhood B. narrow road that between buildings C. open field in a park D. long hallway connecting two parts of a building 4. ______________________________ was the twenty-seventh president of the United States of America and later became the only former president who also became a Supreme Court justice? A. George H. W. Bush B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Martin Van Buren D. William Howard Taft 5. The phrase time is money is an example of a ________________________________. A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Alliteration D. Onomatopoeia